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Related Concept Videos

Temperature Measurement Sites01:14

Temperature Measurement Sites

2.2K
A thermometer measures body temperature. The common sites for measuring body temperature are the oral cavity, axillary region, temporal artery, and skin surface, such as the forehead, abdomen, and axilla. True core body temperature is assessed in the rectum, tympanic membrane, pulmonary artery, esophagus, and urinary bladder.
Oral: When assessing oral temperature, the thermometer tip should be placed under the tongue in the posterior sublingual pocket. It offers accurate readings and can be...
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Computed Tomography01:10

Computed Tomography

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Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
The technique was invented in the 1970s and is based on the principle that as X-rays pass through the body, they are absorbed or reflected at different levels. In the technique, a patient lies on a motorized platform while a computerized axial tomography (CAT) scanner rotates...
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Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature01:13

Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature

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Body temperature can be assessed using various devices and measured in Celsius or Fahrenheit.
Glass-bulb Thermometer:
Glass-bulb thermometers are hollow glass tubes with a bulb tip containing liquid such as ethanol or mercury. Historically, glass bulb mercury thermometers were the standard device to measure body temperature. Today, mercury thermometers are prohibited in many countries due to the hazardous effects of mercury and the risk of exposure if the glass bulb breaks. In general,...
1.2K
Absorption of Radiation01:05

Absorption of Radiation

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The rate of heat transfer by emitted radiation is described by the Stefan-Boltzmann law of radiation:
819
Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery01:19

Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery

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Here is a stepwise guide to assessing the body temperature at the temporal artery using a temporal artery thermometer
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and don a fresh pair of gloves to prevent cross-infection and ensure patient safety.
Step 2: Explain the procedure to the patient to establish trust. Clear communication establishes trust with the patient, ensures they understand what to expect, promotes cooperation, and enhances comfort during the procedure.  
Step 3: Assess the patient's...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 10, 2025

Thermal Ablation for the Treatment of Abdominal Tumors
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Spectral computed tomography thermometry for thermal ablation: applicability and needle artifact reduction.

Lennart R Koetzier1, Pim Hendriks2, Jan W T Heemskerk2

  • 1Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZG Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Radiation Science and Technology, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 5, 2628 CD Delft, the Netherlands.

Physica Medica : PM : an International Journal Devoted to the Applications of Physics to Medicine and Biology : Official Journal of the Italian Association of Biomedical Physics (AIFB)
|August 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Spectral CT thermometry precisely monitors microwave ablation temperatures, even with metal artifacts. Physical density-based spectral CT thermometry combined with O-MAR offers improved accuracy and reproducibility for liver tumor ablation.

Keywords:
Computed tomographyThermal ablationThermometrydual-energy CT

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Interventional Radiology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Precise monitoring of thermal ablation zones is crucial for effective liver tumor treatment.
  • Computed tomography (CT) thermometry offers non-invasive temperature monitoring but is hindered by metal artifacts from ablation equipment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate spectral CT thermometry for microwave ablation monitoring.
  • To compare attenuation-based and physical density-based thermometry for reproducibility, precision, and accuracy.
  • To identify optimal metal artifact reduction (MAR) methods, including O-MAR and deep learning-MAR.

Main Methods:

  • Dual-layer spectral CT imaging of gel phantoms during microwave ablation.
  • Reconstruction of attenuation-based and physical density-based temperature maps.
  • Assessment of thermometry models for reproducibility and accuracy.
  • Application of MAR techniques to evaluate temperature precision in artifact-affected slices.

Main Results:

  • High linearity (R-squared > 96%) between CT value and temperature.
  • Physical density maps improved temperature precision by 73% in the presence of needle artifacts.
  • O-MAR improved temperature precision by 49% compared to no MAR.
  • Attenuation-based thermometry showed narrower Bland-Altman limits of agreement than physical density-based thermometry.

Conclusions:

  • Spectral physical density-based CT thermometry at 150 keV, with O-MAR, enhances temperature precision in the presence of metal artifacts.
  • This method achieves reproducible and accurate temperature measurements for liver tumor ablation monitoring.