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Updated: Apr 28, 2026

Disposable Dosators for Pulmonary Insufflation of Therapeutic Agents to Small Animals
Published on: March 30, 2017
Controlled release and extended pulmonary retention of inhaled therapeutics: A review
Sorawee Yanwinitchai1, Robert O Williams1
1Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, United States.
Abstract:
The advancement of controlled release systems for pulmonary therapeutic products has become a significant focus in pharmaceutical research. Various strategies have been employed to regulate the release rate of therapeutic agents, targeting both the release enhancement of poorly water-soluble drugs and prolonging the release of highly water-soluble compounds. These efforts primarily focus on chemical modifications of the active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and the creation of innovative formulations that incorporate biodegradable natural or synthetic excipients. This review offers a comprehensive overview of advancements in controlled release inhalable drugs, beginning with the overview of pulmonary drug delivery. It addresses the classification of current inhalable products, the advantages of pulmonary administration, and the mechanisms involved in the particle deposition within the lungs. This review explores controlled release techniques, which are primarily divided into two main approaches: (i) chemical modification of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and (ii) specialized formulations.
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