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Updated: Sep 10, 2025

Human Circadian Phenotyping and Diurnal Performance Testing in the Real World
Published on: April 7, 2020
Associations of accelerometer-measured weekend sleep catch-up and loss with risk of type 2 diabetes: a prospective
Yinan Jiang1, Zou Su1, Sibo Liu1
1Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
Aims:
To investigate the relationship between weekend sleep catch-up and loss and risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D).
Methods:
This study included 80,414 adults aged 43-79 years from the UK Biobank. Weekend sleep catch-up and loss were derived from wrist-worn accelerometer data. Cox hazard models were used to examine the associations of weekend sleep catch-up and loss with T2D risk (identified from linked medical records, death registers and self-reported diagnosis). Leveraging metabolic biomarker and metabolomics data, we further explored the underlying biological mechanisms.
Results:
Over a median (IQR) follow-up of 7.3 years (6.8-7.8 years), 1,465 T2D cases occurred, with a cumulative incidence of 1.8 %. Among individuals with short weekday sleep duration, weekend sleep catch-up >1.5 h was associated with lower T2D risk (HR 0.64, 95 % CI 0.45-0.92). Conversely, among individuals with normal weekday sleep duration, weekend sleep loss was associated with higher T2D risk (HR 1.33, 95 % CI 1.01-1.76). Weekend sleep catch-up and loss showed distinct metabolic biomarker and metabolomic responses. Tyrosine, leucine, creatinine, and some lipid metabolites may link weekend sleep catch-up and loss to T2D.
Conclusions:
Weekend sleep catch-up could be a potential strategy against T2D among individuals with sleep deprivation during weekdays.
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