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Related Concept Videos

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder01:28

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

209
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental health condition characterized by recurrent obsessions, compulsions, or both, which consume significant time and interfere with daily functioning. Obsessions involve persistent, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts, images, or urges that evoke anxiety. Common examples include irrational fears of contamination or harm. Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed to reduce the anxiety caused by obsessions. For instance, individuals...
209
Personality Disorders: Dependent and Obsessive-Compulsive01:24

Personality Disorders: Dependent and Obsessive-Compulsive

137
Dependent personality disorder and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder are two separate psychological conditions that influence behavior, relationships, and overall life functioning. Though both involve maladaptive behaviors, their core characteristics and motivations differ significantly.
 Dependent Personality Disorder
Dependent personality disorder is characterized by an excessive reliance on others to manage various aspects of life. Individuals with this disorder often struggle...
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Anxiety: Overview01:18

Anxiety: Overview

344
Anxiety is a common mental disorder featuring excessive worry, fear, and apprehension, significantly affecting daily life. People with anxiety disorders experience persistent and intense anxiety, interrupting their everyday functioning.
Individuals with anxiety often experience a range of physical and emotional symptoms, including sweating, trembling, tachycardia, and disturbances in sleep patterns. These symptoms vary in intensity and frequency but are generally disruptive and distressing.
344
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)01:27

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

147
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) serves as the primary classification system for mental health disorders, providing standardized diagnostic criteria for clinicians and researchers. First published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) in 1952, the DSM has undergone several revisions to reflect evolving psychiatric understanding. The fifth edition, DSM-5, released in 2013, introduced key updates that expanded diagnostic categories and modified diagnostic...
147
Operant Conditioning Intervention01:24

Operant Conditioning Intervention

113
Operant conditioning serves as a foundational principle in therapeutic interventions aimed at modifying maladaptive behaviors. Central to this approach is the notion that behaviors, both adaptive and maladaptive, are learned through reinforcement. By analyzing the environmental factors that reinforce problematic behaviors, clinicians can design interventions to weaken these reinforcements and replace maladaptive behaviors with healthier alternatives.
In operant conditioning, behaviors that are...
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Psychosurgery01:30

Psychosurgery

104
Psychosurgery, the surgical alteration or permanent removal of brain tissue to alleviate severe psychological conditions, stands as one of the most radical and controversial treatments in the history of mental health care. Its development and application have evolved significantly, marked by dramatic shifts in scientific understanding and ethical perspectives.
Historical Development of Psychosurgery
In the 1930s, Portuguese neurologist Antonio Egas Moniz introduced a surgical procedure designed...
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Signal Attenuation as a Rat Model of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
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Obsessive-compulsive disorder - A state-of-the-art review.

Dominique Endres1, Miriam A Schiele1, Katharina von Zedtwitz1

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.

Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
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Summary

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a common, severe mental illness impacting wellbeing and often resistant to treatment. This review details OCD

Keywords:
BrainExposure and response preventionICD-11OCDPrecision medicineSSRI

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a prevalent and severe mental health condition.
  • It significantly impairs quality of life and carries a high risk of chronicity without intervention.
  • High rates of treatment resistance are a major challenge in managing OCD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of OCD.
  • To cover its relevance, course, impact, risk factors, and etiopathophysiology.
  • To detail clinical manifestations, diagnostic criteria, comorbidities, and treatment strategies, including novel developments.

Main Methods:

  • This study is a narrative review.
  • It synthesizes existing literature on obsessive-compulsive disorder.
  • The review systematically covers various aspects of OCD from epidemiology to treatment.

Main Results:

  • OCD is characterized by significant impairment and treatment resistance.
  • Understanding risk factors and etiopathophysiology is crucial for effective management.
  • Comprehensive diagnostic and therapeutic approaches are essential for improving patient outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Novel developments offer potential advancements in OCD diagnosis and treatment.
  • Further research is needed to address remaining challenges and optimize patient care.
  • A thorough understanding of OCD's multifaceted nature is key to personalized treatment strategies.