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Related Concept Videos

Fluorescence and Phosphorescence: Instrumentation01:25

Fluorescence and Phosphorescence: Instrumentation

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Fluorometers and spectrofluorometers are two types of instruments used for measuring molecular fluorescence. These instruments differ in how they select excitation and emission wavelengths and the type of light sources they utilize. Fluorometers use absorption interference filters to choose excitation and emission wavelengths. The excitation source in a fluorometer is typically a low-pressure mercury vapor lamp that emits intense lines distributed throughout the ultraviolet and visible regions.
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Ultraviolet and Visible (UV–Vis) Spectroscopy: Overview01:02

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Ultraviolet–visible (UV–visible or UV–Vis) spectroscopy is an analytical technique that investigates the interaction between matter and UV–Vis light within the electromagnetic spectrum. This method is widely used for its versatility, simplicity, and relatively quick data acquisition, making it valuable for both qualitative and quantitative analysis. When UV–Vis radiation passes through a material,  molecules absorb light depending on the energy required for...
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Spectrophotometry is the quantitative measurement of the absorption, reflection, diffraction, or transmission of electromagnetic radiation through a material as a function of the intensity and wavelength of the radiation. A spectrophotometer is a device used to measure the change in the radiation intensity caused by its interaction with the material.
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UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Beer–Lambert Law01:09

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The Beer-Lambert law describes the relationship between absorbance and concentration, which combines the principles established by scientists Johann Heinrich Lambert and August Beer. Lambert's law states that when light passes through a medium, the loss in intensity is directly proportional to the original intensity and the path length of the light. Beer's law proposed that the transmittance of a solution remains constant if the product of concentration and path length is constant. The...
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The absorbance of UV and visible (UV–visible) radiations is measured using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. Deuterium lamps, which emit UV radiation, and tungsten lamps, which produce radiation in the visible region, are used as light sources in UV–visible spectrophotometers. A monochromator or prism is used for diffraction grating, i.e., to split the incoming radiation into different wavelengths. A system of slits is used to focus the desired wavelength on the sample cell.
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Organic compounds with conjugated double bonds show strong absorption features in the UV–visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum attributed to π → π* electronic excitations. Generally, a UV–vis absorption spectrum is recorded as a plot of absorbance vs wavelength. The wavelength of maximum absorbance, which manifests as a peak in the absorption spectrum, is denoted as λmax.
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The Terroir Concept Interpreted through Grape Berry Metabolomics and Transcriptomics
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Fluorescence spectroscopy for grape and wine compositional analysis and quality control.

Shuyue Fan1, Keren A Bindon2, Adam M Gilmore3

  • 1School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, and Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.

Advances in Food and Nutrition Research
|August 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Defining wine quality is complex, but chemical and sensory methods help. Fluorescence spectroscopy combined with chemometrics offers a rapid, objective approach for grape and wine analysis, aiding winemaking decisions.

Keywords:
ChemometricsMachine learningModelingSpectral fingerprintVitis viniferaWine chemistry

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Area of Science:

  • Oenology and Viticulture
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Food Science

Background:

  • Wine quality is subjective and challenging to define due to varied perspectives.
  • Traditional chemical and sensory methods exist but can be time-consuming.
  • Objective, rapid, and cost-effective evaluation methods are increasingly in demand.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of wine quality definitions and measurement methods.
  • To explore the application of novel spectroscopic technologies in wine analysis.
  • To highlight the advancements in fluorescence spectroscopy for grape and wine research.

Main Methods:

  • Review of chemical and sensory methods for grape and wine quality assessment.
  • Exploration of spectroscopic technologies, particularly fluorescence spectroscopy.
  • Integration of chemometrics and machine learning with spectroscopic data.

Main Results:

  • Fluorescence spectroscopy, coupled with chemometrics, offers advantages for objective wine analysis.
  • This approach enables applications in phenolic detection, maturity monitoring, and wine authentication.
  • It supports rapid and cost-effective quality evaluation in the wine industry.

Conclusions:

  • Fluorescence spectroscopy is a powerful tool for grape and wine analysis.
  • Its integration with chemometrics and machine learning advances winemaking practices.
  • Objective quality assessment using these novel techniques is becoming increasingly feasible.