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Updated: Sep 10, 2025
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Three-Dimensional Shape Modeling and Analysis of Brain Structures
Published on: November 14, 2019
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Morphology of facial aging: a shape-based quantification.
Corina Jula Cazacu1, Ciprian Radu Jula, Elena Şapte
1Doctoral School, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Ovidius University, Constanţa, Romania; esapte@ymail.com.
Summary
Facial aging shows gender-specific shape changes. Geometric morphometrics reveal distinct vertical and horizontal transformations in males and females, highlighting differences in facial development and aging patterns.
Area of Science:
- Plastic Surgery
- Anthropometry
- Biometrics
Background:
- Facial aging is influenced by genetics, environment, and lifestyle.
- Understanding normal facial aging patterns is crucial for plastic surgeons.
- Geometric morphometrics offers a quantitative approach to analyze facial shape changes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the facial profile of the Romanian population.
- To characterize age-related facial shape changes using geometric morphometrics.
- To identify gender-specific differences in facial aging.
Main Methods:
- 140 participants (70 males, 70 females) aged 10-51 years were studied.
- Digital frontal photographs were analyzed using 24 facial landmarks.
- Least-squares Procrustes analysis, thin-plate splines (TPSs), and relative warps (RWs) were employed.
Main Results:
- Males exhibited maximum shape variability in the lower face (tragus, gonion, gnathion).
- Females showed earlier upper facial development and more changes in paired landmarks.
- Facial aging in females was distributed more equally on vertical and horizontal axes compared to males.
Conclusions:
- The aging adult human face undergoes gender-specific transformations in shape and form.
- Distinct patterns of facial aging exist between males and females.
- Geometric morphometrics effectively quantifies age-related facial shape changes.
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