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Updated: May 14, 2026

Generation of Alginate Microspheres for Biomedical Applications
Published on: August 12, 2012
In Situ Ionically Cross-Linkable Benzaldehyde-Modified Alginate and Its Bilayer Structure as a Tissue Sealant for
I-Hsuan Yang1, Natsuko F Inagaki1,2, Arvind K Singh Chandel1
1Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
Abstract:
Effective tissue adhesives are vital for surgical applications. We synthesized p-aminobenzaldehyde-modified alginate (AL-ABA) with controlled degrees of substitution (DS, 3.8-13.7%) and cross-linked it ionically using CaCl2. AL-ABA solutions (3 w/v %) gelled rapidly (3-50 s), similar to unmodified alginate. Increasing DS reduced hydrogel stiffness but enhanced dura adhesiveness via Schiff's base formation with tissue amines, reaching 32 kPa at 9% DS. To optimize both adhesion and mechanical integrity, bilayer hydrogels were developed using an AL-ABA primer and AL cover layer, seamlessly bonded by ionic cross-linking. These AL-ABA/AL hydrogels showed strong dural adhesion and high burst pressure resistance (up to 406 mmHg). AL-ABA retained a low cytotoxicity and hemocompatibility. Ionically cross-linked AL-ABA and its bilayer configuration offer promising potential as biocompatible and efficient tissue sealants.
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