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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

204
Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
204
Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

238
Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...
238
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

345
Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
345
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

324
Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
324
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

442
Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
442
Appendicitis-II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:29

Appendicitis-II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

145
Diagnosing and managing appendicitis requires a structured and comprehensive approach that spans from initial assessment to postoperative care. Here is an overview of the process:
Diagnosing Appendicitis
It requires a multifaceted approach, starting with a detailed physical examination to pinpoint the location and nature of the pain and identify any associated symptoms. Laboratory tests play a crucial role. A complete Blood Count (CBC) typically reveals leukocytosis (an increased number of...
145

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Diagnosing Pulmonary Tuberculosis with the Xpert MTB/RIF Test
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Isolated biliary tuberculosis: a rare case report and diagnostic challenges.

Omer Usman1, Muhammad Abdul Basit2, Maryam Mazhar3

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, The Hospital of Providence-Transmountain, Texas, USA.

Annals of Medicine and Surgery (2012)
|August 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Biliary tuberculosis is a rare but challenging diagnosis. This case highlights how common bile duct brushing can confirm Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection when biopsies are negative, enabling timely treatment.

Keywords:
biliary tuberculosiscommon bile ductpneumobilia

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Biliary tuberculosis (TB) is a rare manifestation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, presenting with nonspecific symptoms that mimic other biliary diseases.
  • Preoperative diagnosis is difficult due to vague clinical presentations and the absence of specific imaging findings, often leading to delayed detection.

Observation:

  • A 51-year-old female with a history of biliary stricture presented with prolonged nausea, vomiting, and weight loss.
  • Imaging revealed common bile duct (CBD) stent, biliary dilatation, and pneumobilia. Initial biopsies and fine-needle aspiration (FNA) for malignancy were negative.

Findings:

  • Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) with CBD brushing ultimately tested positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, confirming biliary TB.
  • This diagnosis was established despite negative results from initial biopsies and FNA, underscoring the diagnostic challenges.

Implications:

  • Early diagnosis of hepatobiliary TB is critical for initiating appropriate management, including anti-tuberculosis therapy (ATT) and stenting.
  • Considering biliary TB in patients with unexplained biliary symptoms and utilizing advanced diagnostic techniques like CBD brushing can prevent misdiagnosis and guide effective treatment.