Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 5, 2026

10:33
Advanced Diffusion Imaging in The Hippocampus of Rats with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Published on: August 14, 2019
8.6K
A case report on delayed: onset diffuse axonal injury
Sonu Adhikari1, Rupesh Raut1, Dinuj Shrestha1
1Department of Neurosurgery, Patan Academy of Health Science, Lalitpur, Nepal.
Annals of Medicine and Surgery (2012)
|August 25, 2025
Summary
This case report highlights a rare instance of delayed diffuse axonal injury (DAI) in a young male following head trauma. The patient experienced a delayed coma, emphasizing the need for clinical suspicion in diagnosing DAI.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Traumatic Brain Injury Research
- Medical Case Reports
Background:
- Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is a severe consequence of traumatic brain injury (TBI), typically causing immediate and prolonged loss of consciousness.
- DAI classification is based on coma duration, injury severity, and radiological or histological evidence of brain lesions.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction
34
A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a brief episode of neurological dysfunction caused by a temporary, focal reduction in cerebral blood flow. Although symptoms resemble those of an ischemic stroke, the interruption in perfusion is short-lived and does not cause permanent infarction. TIAs are clinically important because they often serve as early warning events for future stroke.Mechanisms of Transient Cerebral IschemiaTransient cerebral ischemia may arise through several mechanisms. One...
34
Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction
31
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
31
Traumatic Brain Injury l: Introduction
37
DefinitionTraumatic brain injury, or TBI, is a disturbance of normal brain function induced by an external mechanical force, such as a direct blow to the head or a penetrating injury. It can affect both brain structure and function, producing a wide range of clinical outcomes. TBI is a heterogeneous condition, meaning its effects may differ based on the type, location, and severity of the injury.Basis of ClassificationTBI is classified based on severity, injury mechanism, or pathophysiology. In...
37
Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology
43
Spinal cord injury progresses through two interconnected phases: primary injury and secondary injury.Primary InjuryPrimary injury happens at the moment of trauma and involves immediate mechanical damage to the spinal cord.Compression happens when broken vertebrae, herniated discs, or accumulating blood (such as a hematoma) press directly against the spinal cord, distorting its normal shape and function. In cases of contusion, the cord is bruised by a blunt force (like penetrating injuries or...
43
Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology
68
Early Ischemia and Ionic ImbalanceWithin minutes of spinal cord injury, a secondary cascade begins, progressing over hours to weeks. Vascular damage reduces blood flow, causing ischemia and mitochondrial dysfunction. ATP depletion leads to ion pump failure, membrane depolarization, sodium influx, potassium efflux, and water accumulation, resulting in cellular swelling. Increased intracellular calcium further disrupts mitochondria and accelerates cellular injury.Excitotoxicity and Neuronal...
68

