Prostate cancer risk reduction: promising prevention practices and insights

Prostate cancer is among the leading causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality in men worldwide. Despite advancements in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, prevention remains a critical strategy to curb its prevalence. This review examines promising prevention practices, including lifestyle modifications, dietary interventions, and the use of chemopreventive agents. It also delves into emerging insights from genetic, epigenetic, and molecular studies, offering a comprehensive framework for reducing prostate cancer risk through tailored and evidence-based approaches. Lifestyle changes, such as maintaining a healthy weight, engaging in regular physical activity, and adopting a plant-based diet, have shown substantial potential in mitigating prostate cancer risk. Specific dietary components, like antioxidants found in fruits and vegetables and omega-3 fatty acids in fish, demonstrate protective properties, while reducing the intake of red and processed meats is encouraged. Chemopreventive agents, including 5-alpha reductase inhibitors and anti-inflammatory medications, offer additional strategies but require careful assessment of risks and benefits.