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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 10, 2025

Role of Diffusion MRI Tractography in Endoscopic Endonasal Skull Base Surgery
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Exoscopes in Neurosurgery: A Bibliometric and Visualization Analysis.

Kaleem Ullah Ranjha1, Syeda Shahnoor2, Rimmel Abdul Ghaffar2

  • 1Department of Neurological Surgery, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan.

Asian Journal of Neurosurgery
|August 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Exoscopes are gaining traction in neurosurgery, with a significant increase in research since 2018. Key trends include ergonomics and 3D imaging, particularly for brain surgeries.

Keywords:
bibliometricscitation analysisexoscopesneurosurgeryoperative microscopes

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Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Medical Technology
  • Bibliometrics

Background:

  • Exoscopes offer an alternative to operative microscopes in neurosurgery, aiming to improve visualization, ergonomics, cost, and patient outcomes.
  • Bibliometric analysis is used to map the evolution of exoscope research within neurosurgery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and analyze topic trends and research fields related to exoscope utilization in neurosurgery.
  • To provide insights into potential future research directions in the field.

Main Methods:

  • Bibliometric analysis of articles and reviews published between January 1, 2002, and December 31, 2023.
  • Data sourced from Scopus, with analysis performed using Microsoft Excel and VOSviewer.
  • Inclusion criteria focused on publications concerning exoscopes in neurosurgery.

Main Results:

  • A total of 186 articles were analyzed, with a notable surge in publications from 2018 to 2022.
  • The United States led in publications and citations; Brazil had the highest average citation index.
  • Brain surgery was the most frequent application (87 articles), followed by spine surgery (25 articles).
  • Keywords like 'ergonomics' and 'three-dimensional imaging' were prominent in recent research.

Conclusions:

  • Exoscope research in neurosurgery has shown significant growth, particularly in recent years.
  • Collaboration is strong among developed nations, with a focus on brain and spine applications.
  • The findings highlight emerging research frontiers and the increasing importance of exoscopes in neurosurgical visualization and practice.