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Related Concept Videos

Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

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The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
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Fetal circulation is a unique system that facilitates the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products between the developing fetus and the mother. This intricate process takes place through a special organ called the placenta.
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Fetal Anomalies: An Obstetrician's Overview.

Sujata Dalvi1

  • 1Nowrosjee Wadia Hospital, Mumbai, India.

Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of India
|August 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Fetal anomalies, or birth defects, affect 3-5% of newborns, varying in severity. Early detection and intervention are crucial for improving outcomes and managing potential impairments.

Keywords:
Anomaly scanCongenital anomaliesFetal anomaliesFetal surgeryNIPTNT–NB scanPGD

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Pediatrics
  • Medical Genetics

Background:

  • Fetal anomalies, encompassing structural and functional birth defects, occur in 3-5% of live births.
  • Congenital anomalies are typically identified during prenatal ultrasounds (18-20 weeks), NT-NB scans (11-14 weeks), or in the third trimester.
  • Risk factors for fetal anomalies include genetic, environmental influences, or unknown causes.

Discussion:

  • Management strategies vary based on anomaly severity and gestational age, including specialized antenatal monitoring, corrective therapy, or termination of pregnancy.
  • Early detection and timely intervention significantly improve outcomes for affected infants.
  • Fetal anomalies can lead to physical, intellectual, and cognitive impairments, causing significant family stress.

Key Insights:

  • Prenatal screening and diagnostic tools are essential for identifying fetal anomalies.
  • Addressing maternal health factors like diabetes, obesity, and medication use is vital.
  • Genetic counseling and advanced reproductive technologies like pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) are important for families with genetic predispositions.

Outlook:

  • Continued research into the causes and prevention of fetal anomalies is necessary.
  • Improving access to specialized care and support services for affected families is a priority.
  • Advancements in prenatal diagnostics and fetal therapies hold promise for better management and treatment outcomes.