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Updated: Sep 10, 2025

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"Ocular Surface Disorders in Children": A Comprehensive Review of Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Management

Venugopal Anitha1, Anita Rhagavan2, Srinivas K Rao3

  • 1Department of Cornea & Refractive Services, Aravind Eye, Hospital and Postgraduate Institute of Ophthalmology, Tirunelveli, India.

Seminars in Ophthalmology
|August 25, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric ocular surface disorders (OSD) involve various conditions requiring tailored management. Early diagnosis and novel therapies like biologics and stem cell treatments improve outcomes for affected children.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Pediatric Medicine
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Pediatric ocular surface disorders (OSD) encompass a wide spectrum of conditions affecting children's eyes.
  • These disorders can stem from infectious, inflammatory, allergic, or traumatic causes, impacting ocular health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To offer a thorough review of pediatric ocular surface disorders (OSD).
  • To cover epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, and current management strategies for pediatric OSD.

Main Methods:

  • A narrative review of existing literature was performed.
  • Data synthesis from clinical studies, case series, and expert consensus informed the review.

Main Results:

  • Pediatric OSD includes diverse conditions managed with approaches from conservative (lubricants) to advanced (transplantation, keratoprosthesis).
  • Emerging treatments like biologics, stem cell therapies, and scleral lenses offer new therapeutic avenues.
  • Accurate diagnosis and personalized care are crucial for maintaining ocular integrity and preventing complications.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of pediatric OSD necessitates a multidisciplinary and individualized strategy.
  • Increased clinical awareness and novel therapeutics are key to enhancing patient outcomes.
  • Standardized protocols and ongoing research are vital for optimizing long-term ocular health and quality of life.
Abstract

Keywords:
ConjunctivitisStevens-Johnson syndromeocular GVHDpediatric ocular surface disordersvernal keratoconjunctivitis

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