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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Nuclei: Types of Nuclear Relaxation01:28

Atomic Nuclei: Types of Nuclear Relaxation

383
Nuclear relaxation restores the equilibrium population imbalance and can occur via spin–lattice or spin–spin mechanisms, which are first-order exponential decay processes.
In spin–lattice or longitudinal relaxation, the excited spins exchange energy with the surrounding lattice as they return to the lower energy level. Among several mechanisms that contribute to spin–lattice relaxation, magnetic dipolar interactions are significant. Here, the excited nucleus transfers...
383

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Quantum relaxometry for detecting biomolecular interactions with single NV centers.

Min Li1,2,3, Qi Zhang3,4, Xi Kong5

  • 1School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|August 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a novel method using diamond nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers for single-molecule biomolecular interaction analysis. This technique enhances sensitivity for detecting molecular binding events at the nanoscale.

Keywords:
NV centers in diamondbiomolecular interactionsquantum sensingsurface functionalization

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Quantum Sensing
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Investigating biomolecular interactions at the single-molecule level is crucial for understanding life science.
  • Current methods often rely on ensemble-level detection, limiting resolution.
  • Spins in biological systems offer a unique detection degree of freedom.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a single-molecule level molecular interaction analysis method.
  • To utilize relaxometry with nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond as quantum sensors.
  • To enhance sensitivity and resolution for biomolecular interaction studies.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an optimized diamond surface functionalized with a polyethylenimine nanogel layer.
  • Achieved ~10 nm average protein distance, mitigating steric hindrance.
  • Employed relaxometry with ensemble and single NV centers for micrometer and nanoscale measurements.

Main Results:

  • Successfully measured strong (streptavidin-biotin) and weak (bovine serum albumin-biotin) interactions.
  • Enhanced sensitivity in micrometer-scale measurements by reexamining fast relaxation components.
  • Achieved nanoscale detection approaching single-molecule level using single NV centers.

Conclusions:

  • The developed NV-center-based relaxometry method enables single-molecule level biomolecular interaction analysis.
  • This technique offers enhanced sensitivity and resolution compared to previous ensemble methods.
  • Holds promise for molecular screening, identification, and kinetic studies at the single-molecule level.