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Nutritional alterations at high altitude in man.

J C Guilland, J Klepping

    European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology
    |January 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary

    High altitude climbing significantly reduces caloric intake and body fat in acclimatized individuals. Nutritional changes, particularly above 6,000 meters, impact body composition and nitrogen balance.

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    Area of Science:

    • Physiology
    • Human Physiology
    • Altitude Physiology

    Background:

    • High altitude environments pose significant physiological challenges.
    • Understanding nutritional and metabolic adaptations is crucial for climbers.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the nutritional and body composition changes in climbers during a high-altitude expedition.
    • To analyze the impact of altitude exposure on caloric intake, body weight, and nutrient balance.

    Main Methods:

    • Four acclimatized climbers were studied during the 1980 French Mount Pabil Expedition (7,102 m).
    • Measurements included nutrient intake, body weight, skinfold thickness, and water/nitrogen balance before, during, and after altitude exposure.

    Main Results:

    • A significant reduction (35-57%) in total caloric intake was observed at high altitude.
    • Progressive body weight loss occurred, primarily due to a decrease in body fat.
    • Subjects maintained water balance, but exhibited a negative nitrogen balance during high altitude exposure.
    • Significant nutritional alterations were most pronounced above 6,000 meters.

    Conclusions:

    • High altitude exposure induces substantial nutritional and body composition changes in climbers.
    • These alterations are linked to reduced food intake, hormonal shifts, and physiological stressors associated with hypoxia.
    • Further research into feeding patterns and hormonal status is warranted to mitigate negative impacts.

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