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Related Concept Videos

Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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Bone Disorders01:29

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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
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The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
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Essential Minerals for Bone Health01:31

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The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
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Updated: Sep 10, 2025

A Novel in vivo Gene Transfer Technique and in vitro Cell Based Assays for the Study of Bone Loss in Musculoskeletal Disorders
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Targeting miR-337 mitigates disuse-induced bone loss.

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  • 1Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.

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Disuse causes bone loss by reducing mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Inhibiting microRNA-337-3p (miR-337) in MSCs prevents this bone loss, offering a therapeutic strategy for conditions like spaceflight.

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Area of Science:

  • Bone Biology
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Molecular Mechanisms of Disease

Background:

  • Disuse-induced bone loss affects bed-ridden patients and astronauts.
  • Mechanisms underlying disuse bone loss are not fully understood.
  • Leptin receptor (LepR)-positive mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) decrease in disuse bone loss models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the molecular mechanisms of disuse-induced bone loss.
  • Identify cellular targets and pathways involved in bone loss.
  • Explore therapeutic strategies for preventing disuse-related bone loss.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a rodent hindlimb unloading (HU) model for disuse.
  • Analyzed microRNA-337-3p (miR-337) expression and function in MSCs.
  • Investigated the role of Piezo1, Hippo-YAP, and PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathways.
  • Performed gene knockout and cell transplantation experiments.

Main Results:

  • miR-337 was upregulated in MSCs during HU, inhibiting proliferation.
  • miR-337 targets IRS-1, suppressing the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway.
  • Piezo1 and Hippo-YAP pathway regulate miR-337 in response to mechanical stress.
  • miR-337 knockout attenuated HU-induced bone loss and enhanced osteogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • Discovered a novel mechanism involving miR-337 in disuse-induced bone loss.
  • Identified Piezo1 and miR-337 as key regulators of MSCs under disuse.
  • Demonstrated that targeting miR-337 can mitigate bone loss, offering a therapeutic avenue for spaceflight and immobility.