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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
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PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
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siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
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RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
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Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
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A Reporter Assay to Analyze Intronic microRNA Maturation in Mammalian Cells
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ERH promotes primary microRNA processing beyond cluster assistance.

Harim Jang1,2, Junyoung Park1,2, V Narry Kim3,4

  • 1Center for RNA Research, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, Korea.

Nature Communications
|August 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

ERH and SAFB2 are auxiliary factors that help process primary microRNAs (pri-miRNAs). This study reveals ERH broadly enhances pri-miRNA processing, while SAFB2 specifically aids clustered pri-miRNAs.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • RNA Biology
  • Gene Regulation

Background:

  • MicroRNA (miRNA) biogenesis is crucial for gene regulation.
  • The Microprocessor complex (DROSHA-DGCR8) initiates miRNA maturation from primary miRNAs (pri-miRNAs).
  • ERH and SAFB2 are known auxiliary factors enhancing Microprocessor function, particularly in cluster assistance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the distinct molecular mechanisms of ERH and SAFB2 in pri-miRNA processing.
  • To understand their roles in pri-miRNA cluster assistance.
  • To propose a model for their functions in miRNA maturation.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated ERH and SAFB2 functions using pri-miRNA processing assays.
  • Analyzed the effects of ERH and SAFB2 on both stand-alone and clustered pri-miRNAs.
  • Utilized knockdown experiments to assess the impact of ERH and SAFB2 depletion.

Main Results:

  • ERH broadly enhances pri-miRNA processing, irrespective of genomic context (stand-alone or clustered).
  • ERH knockdown disproportionately affects suboptimal pri-miRNA hairpins compared to efficient ones.
  • SAFB2 specifically facilitates the processing of suboptimal pri-miRNA hairpins within clusters.

Conclusions:

  • ERH and SAFB2 exhibit distinct roles in pri-miRNA cluster assistance.
  • A new model proposes SAFB2 facilitates Microprocessor transfer between hairpins.
  • ERH is proposed to enable efficient processing of suboptimal pri-miRNAs.