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Does provable absence of barren plateaus imply classical simulability?
M Cerezo1,2, Martin Larocca3,4, Diego García-Martín5
1Information Sciences, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA. cerezo@lanl.gov.
Nature Communications
|August 25, 2025
Summary
Many quantum models avoiding barren plateaus may be classically simulated. This suggests quantum computers might be less advantageous for certain tasks than previously thought, impacting quantum algorithm design.
Area of Science:
- Quantum Computing
- Computational Complexity
Background:
- Barren plateaus are a significant challenge in training parametrized quantum circuits.
- Understanding the loss landscape is crucial for quantum algorithm development.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate if structures avoiding barren plateaus in quantum circuits can be used for efficient classical simulation.
- To question the information processing capabilities of barren plateau-free quantum models.
Main Methods:
- Case-by-case analysis of commonly used quantum models.
- Examining the relationship between barren plateaus, dimensionality, and classical simulability.
- Considering the role of initial data acquisition from quantum devices.
Main Results:
- Many quantum models that avoid barren plateaus can be classically simulated.
- Barren plateaus arise from the curse of dimensionality, with solutions often encoding into smaller, simulable subspaces.
- Quantum computers are essential for initial data collection, but subsequent processing may be classically feasible.
Conclusions:
- The information processing advantage of some barren plateau-free parametrized quantum circuits is questionable.
- Classical simulation may be more viable for certain quantum models than anticipated.
- Further research is needed to explore caveats and potential for genuine quantum advantages.
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