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Innovative Ionic Liquid Electrolyte: Dual Proton Sources and K⁺ Synergistic Transport Enhanced Proton Battery

Qiankun Zhang1,2, Zhewen Ma1,2, Haimin Zhang3

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Nonferrous Metals, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, P. R. China.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|August 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a novel ionic liquid electrolyte for proton batteries, enhancing proton availability and stability. This innovation significantly boosts battery performance, offering a promising direction for high-rate, long-cycle energy storage.

Keywords:
cycle stabilityionic liquidpotassium acetate solutionproton batteryrate performance

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Proton batteries face challenges with limited efficient proton sources and unstable interfaces.
  • Proton generation is primarily from water dissociation, with auxiliary sources like acetic acid, leading to concentration fluctuations during operation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design an innovative electrolyte addressing proton source scarcity and interface instability in proton batteries.
  • To enhance the performance and cycle life of proton batteries through advanced electrolyte engineering.

Main Methods:

  • Development of an ionic liquid electrolyte ([emim][Ac]) incorporating acetic acid (HAc) and potassium acetate (KAc).
  • Experimental testing of battery performance, including discharge capacity and retention at high current densities.
  • Utilized experimental and simulation techniques to elucidate proton transport mechanisms and electrolyte behavior.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a high discharge capacity of 1584 mAh g⁻¹.
  • Demonstrated excellent capacity retention (1217 mAh g⁻¹) after 300 cycles at 6000 mA g⁻¹.
  • Confirmed that K⁺ ions facilitate a 'vehicle transport channel' for reduced proton resistance, and HAc/KAc buffer the solvation structure, inhibiting side reactions.

Conclusions:

  • The novel ionic liquid electrolyte effectively resolves proton source and interface stability issues in proton batteries.
  • The designed electrolyte enables high-rate and long-cycle performance, offering a viable pathway for advanced proton battery development.
  • Ionic liquids provide a stable matrix crucial for efficient ion transport in energy storage devices.