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Mapping the Spatial Sensitivity of Aquitard Hydraulic Parameters on Pumping Test Drawdowns.

Martijn D van Leer1, Willem J Zaadnoordijk2,3, Alraune Zech4

  • 1Department of Physical Geography, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8a, 3584 CB, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

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|August 26, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pumping test drawdowns reveal aquitard properties, showing how hydraulic conductivity and specific storage influence water levels. Sensitivity analysis helps pinpoint which aquifer zones are best represented by observation wells.

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Area of Science:

  • Hydrogeology
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Understanding aquitard properties is crucial for groundwater resource management.
  • Pumping tests are common methods for aquifer characterization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the spatial and temporal sensitivity of aquitard hydraulic conductivity and specific storage on pumping test drawdowns.
  • To determine which areas of the aquitard are represented by drawdowns in different observation wells.

Main Methods:

  • A three-layered MODFLOW 6 model was employed for simulating pumping tests.
  • A local sensitivity analysis using PEST++ was conducted to assess parameter influence.
  • Simulations utilized a circular Voronoi grid across various transmissivity scenarios and boundary conditions.

Main Results:

  • Sensitivity patterns in the pumped aquifer form elliptical shapes around wells.
  • Sensitivity in overlying aquifers is influenced by transmissivity ratios, favoring pumping well or observation well areas.
  • Sensitivity evolves over time, expanding influence and shifting towards observation wells under semiconfined conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Pumping test drawdowns provide valuable information about aquitard heterogeneity.
  • Sensitivity analysis aids in optimizing pumping test design for better characterization.
  • Findings enhance the interpretation of aquitard properties from transient groundwater flow data.