Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters01:20

Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters

2.3K
The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
Polyesters are commonly prepared from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol; the crude product is known as poly(ethylene terephthalate) or PET. However, polyesters are synthesized industrially by transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol at 150 °C. The two reactants and the...
2.3K
Plasticizers01:31

Plasticizers

114
Water-reducers, or plasticizers, are chemical admixtures used in concrete to improve strength and workability. These additives reduce the water-cement ratio without compromising workability, lower the cement content while maintaining the same workability, or increase workability to assist concrete placement in inaccessible areas.
Plasticizers function by using surface-active agents to create repulsive electrostatic forces between cement particles. This dispersion enhances the concrete's...
114
Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview01:13

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview

2.2K
Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
Ruthenium-based Grubbs catalyst is the most commonly used catalyst for olefin metathesis polymerization. Grubbs catalyst consists...
2.2K
Polymer Classification: Architecture01:14

Polymer Classification: Architecture

2.9K
Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
2.9K
Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:17

Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

3.4K
Ziegler–Natta polymerization is another form of addition or chain‐growth polymerization used for synthesizing linear polymers over branched polymers. The catalyst used for polymerization is the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, named after Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta, who developed it in 1953. This catalyst is an organometallic complex of titanium tetrachloride and triethyl aluminum, with the active form of the catalyst being an alkyl titanium compound. Using the Ziegler–Natta...
3.4K
Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)00:53

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)

2.0K
Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization or ADMET polymerization involves cross-metathesis of terminal dienes, such as 1,8-nonadiene, to give linear unsaturated polymer and ethylene. As ADMET is a reversible process, the formed ethylene gas must be removed from the reaction mixture to complete the polymerization process.
Similar to cross-metathesis, ADMET also involves the formation of metallacyclobutane intermediate by [2+2] cycloaddition of one of the double bonds of a terminal diene with...
2.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Electrochemical Oxygen-Atom Transfer to Alkenes and Pyridines with a Mn-Porphyrin Catalyst Using Water as the Source of Oxygen.

ACS catalysis·2026
Same authorSame journal

Engineering and Application of a Thermostable MHETase for PET Depolymerization.

ACS sustainable chemistry & engineering·2026
Same author

Mechanism of O<sub>2</sub>/NO-Promoted Oxidative C-C Bond Cleavage in Linear Alkanes.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Lignin to adipic acid in a high-yield chemical and biological redox process.

Nature·2026
Same author

Catabolism of lignin-related methoxylated compounds in white-rot fungi utilizes non-canonical oxidoreductases.

Cell reports·2026
Same author

Effects of Polymer Morphology on Solvent and Catalyst Accessibility during Polyethylene and Polystyrene Autoxidation.

JACS Au·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 10, 2025

Designed for Molecular Recycling: A Lignin-Derived Semi-aromatic Biobased Polymer
10:22

Designed for Molecular Recycling: A Lignin-Derived Semi-aromatic Biobased Polymer

Published on: November 30, 2020

3.6K

Lignin-Derived Methoxyterephthalates for Performance-Advantaged Polymers and Plasticizers.

Gloria Rosetto1, Katherine A Chism1, Luana Cardinale2

  • 1Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, United States.

ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
|August 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Bio-based methoxyterephthalates from lignin offer sustainable alternatives for polyesters and plasticizers. These compounds can tune poly(ethylene terephthalate) properties and enhance poly(vinyl chloride) performance, reducing reliance on petrochemicals.

Keywords:
bio-based chemicalbio-based polymerelectrochemical carboxylationfunctional replacementperformance-advantaged bioproduct

More Related Videos

Preparation of Monodomain Liquid Crystal Elastomers and Liquid Crystal Elastomer Nanocomposites
12:21

Preparation of Monodomain Liquid Crystal Elastomers and Liquid Crystal Elastomer Nanocomposites

Published on: February 6, 2016

12.8K
Extraction of Lignin with High &#946;-O-4 Content by Mild Ethanol Extraction and Its Effect on the Depolymerization Yield
10:18

Extraction of Lignin with High β-O-4 Content by Mild Ethanol Extraction and Its Effect on the Depolymerization Yield

Published on: January 7, 2019

20.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 10, 2025

Designed for Molecular Recycling: A Lignin-Derived Semi-aromatic Biobased Polymer
10:22

Designed for Molecular Recycling: A Lignin-Derived Semi-aromatic Biobased Polymer

Published on: November 30, 2020

3.6K
Preparation of Monodomain Liquid Crystal Elastomers and Liquid Crystal Elastomer Nanocomposites
12:21

Preparation of Monodomain Liquid Crystal Elastomers and Liquid Crystal Elastomer Nanocomposites

Published on: February 6, 2016

12.8K
Extraction of Lignin with High &#946;-O-4 Content by Mild Ethanol Extraction and Its Effect on the Depolymerization Yield
10:18

Extraction of Lignin with High β-O-4 Content by Mild Ethanol Extraction and Its Effect on the Depolymerization Yield

Published on: January 7, 2019

20.9K

Area of Science:

  • Green Chemistry and Sustainable Materials
  • Polymer Science and Engineering
  • Biomass Valorization

Background:

  • Lignin-derived aromatic carboxylic acids are valuable bio-based building blocks.
  • Current polyesters and plasticizers often rely on petrochemical feedstocks.
  • There is a need for sustainable alternatives with tunable properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and evaluate lignin-derived methoxyterephthalates as replacements for petrochemicals.
  • To investigate their use as co-monomers in poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET).
  • To assess their efficacy as plasticizers in poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC).

Main Methods:

  • Electrochemical carboxylation of lignin monomers to produce methoxyterephthalates.
  • Co-polymerization of methoxyterephthalates with dimethyl terephthalate to form PET co-polymers.
  • Evaluation of methoxyterephthalate esters as PVC plasticizers.
  • Molecular dynamic simulations to predict diffusion coefficients and volatility.

Main Results:

  • Successfully synthesized 2-methoxyterephthalate and 2,6-dimethoxyterephthalate.
  • PET co-polymers with >25% methoxyterephthalate incorporation became amorphous.
  • At 10 mol% loading, bio-derived co-monomers reduced PET crystallinity and melting temperature.
  • Bio-derived plasticizers matched or exceeded petroleum-derived counterparts in PVC applications.
  • Dimethoxyterephthalate esters showed lower volatility and diffusion, suggesting longer service life.

Conclusions:

  • Lignin-derived methoxyterephthalates are viable bio-based replacements for isophthalate and phthalate.
  • These compounds enable property tuning in PET and enhance PVC performance.
  • The study demonstrates a pathway towards more sustainable polyesters and plasticizers.