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Paternal Autonomy Support and Youth Internalizing Problems: Examining Unique Influences and Interactive Father-Mother

Sarah Hoegler Dennis¹, Lee T Gettler², E Mark Cummings²

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Summary

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Area of Science:

Developmental Psychology
Family Studies
Clinical Psychology

Background:

Parental autonomy support is crucial for adolescent emotion regulation and preventing internalizing problems.
Fathers' autonomy support may offer unique protective benefits, yet empirical evidence is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the relationship between fathers' autonomy support and adolescent internalizing problems.
To examine the interaction between paternal and maternal autonomy support on adolescent adjustment.

Main Methods:

Longitudinal study with a three-wave design.
Multilevel modeling with person-mean centering used to analyze data from 298 families.
Included youth- and parent-reported measures of internalizing problems.

Main Results:

Paternal autonomy support negatively predicted adolescent internalizing problems at both between- and within-person levels.
Interactions between paternal and maternal autonomy support were observed for internalizing problems.
Maternal support buffered the effects of low paternal support, and mutual support enhanced benefits.

Conclusions:

Fathers' autonomy support is vital for buffering adolescents against internalizing problems.
Optimal outcomes are achieved when both parents provide high levels of autonomy support.
Maternal support can mitigate risks associated with lower paternal support.