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Related Concept Videos

Self-Report Tests of Personality01:22

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Self-report inventories are objective personality assessments that use multiple-choice items or numbered scales, typically ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). They are often called Likert scales after Rensis Likert. These inventories are widely used due to their ease of administration and cost-effectiveness. One of the most prominent examples is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), initially developed in the 1940s to assess abnormal personality traits.
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One influential perspective on what motivates people's behavior is detailed in Tory Higgin's self-discrepancy theory (Higgins, 1987). He proposed that people hold disagreeing internal representations of themselves that lead to different emotional states.  
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Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
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The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) serves as the primary classification system for mental health disorders, providing standardized diagnostic criteria for clinicians and researchers. First published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) in 1952, the DSM has undergone several revisions to reflect evolving psychiatric understanding. The fifth edition, DSM-5, released in 2013, introduced key updates that expanded diagnostic categories and modified diagnostic...
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People can go to great lengths to protect their self-image and present themselves in ways that they want others to see them. Sociologist Erving Goffman presented the idea that a person is like an actor on a stage. Calling his theory dramaturgy, Goffman believed that we use “impression management” to present ourselves to others as we hope to be perceived. Each situation is a new scene, and individuals perform different roles depending on who is present (Goffman, 1959). Think about...
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Reliability and validity are two important considerations that must be made with any type of data collection. Reliability refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result. In the context of psychological research, this would mean that any instruments or tools used to collect data do so in consistent, reproducible ways.
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Development of a Virtual Reality Assessment of Everyday Living Skills
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Suicide stigma scale: Development and initial psychometric validation.

Erik J Reinbergs1, Megan L Rogers2, Scarlett E Gransee2

  • 1Department of Psychology, Utah State University, USA.

Psychiatry Research
|August 26, 2025
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Summary

A new Suicide Stigma Scale was developed to measure specific stigmatizing beliefs about suicide. This scale shows good reliability and validity, offering a tool to help reduce suicide stigma.

Keywords:
Measure developmentStigmaSuicide

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Psychology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Stigmatizing beliefs about suicide are prevalent and linked to adverse clinical outcomes, including increased suicidal ideation.
  • Existing measures may not capture specific stigmatizing beliefs effectively.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate the Suicide Stigma Scale (SSS) by modifying the Depression Stigma Scale.
  • To assess the psychometric properties of the SSS, including its reliability and validity.

Main Methods:

  • The Suicide Stigma Scale was developed by adapting the Depression Stigma Scale.
  • Psychometric properties were evaluated using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis on a sample of 1258 participants.
  • Measurement invariance across gender was examined.

Main Results:

  • The SSS demonstrated acceptable unidimensional model fit and good reliability.
  • Partial scalar measurement invariance was achieved across gender.
  • SSS scores correlated highly with an existing suicide stigma measure and negatively with mental health concerns.

Conclusions:

  • The Suicide Stigma Scale is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing specific stigmatizing beliefs about suicide.
  • The SSS can be used in general and clinical populations to inform interventions aimed at reducing suicide stigma.