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Mouse Heterotopic Cervical Cardiac Transplantation Utilizing Vascular Cuffs

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Contact Isolation Precautions are Associated With Increased Complications and Failure to Rescue After Cardiac

Raza M Ahmad¹, Raymond J Strobel¹, Andrew M Young¹

¹Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.

The Journal of Surgical Research

|August 26, 2025

Summary

Contact isolation (CI) for cardiac surgery patients is associated with significantly worse outcomes. This includes higher rates of mortality, readmission, and complications like deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, highlighting potential detriments to patient care.

Keywords:

Cardiac surgery DVT Infection Isolation Outcomes Postoperative Prevention

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Published on: February 11, 2022

Area of Science:

Cardiology
Infectious Disease Control
Patient Safety

Background:

Contact isolation (CI) is used to prevent infectious organism transmission.
Previous studies suggest CI may negatively impact patient care by reducing provider contact.
The effect of CI on postoperative cardiac surgery patients remains understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

To characterize the postoperative outcomes of cardiac surgery patients managed under contact isolation.
To compare outcomes between patients in CI and those not in CI.

Main Methods:

A retrospective cohort study included 8479 cardiac surgery patients from 2011-2022.
Patients were stratified into postoperative CI and non-CI groups.
Propensity score matching was used to control for pre- and intraoperative differences, resulting in 298 matched pairs.

Main Results:

Contact isolation patients exhibited significantly higher operative mortality (13% vs. 2.3%) and readmission rates (29.8% vs. 11.8%).
CI was associated with increased incidences of postoperative deep vein thrombosis (8% vs. 0.6%) and pulmonary embolism (1.6% vs. 0%).
Failure to rescue rates were also significantly higher in the CI group (2.4% vs. 0.41%).

Conclusions:

Postoperative contact isolation in cardiac surgery patients is linked to adverse outcomes.
The findings suggest that CI may lead to reduced direct patient care, negatively impacting patient outcomes.
Further research is needed to explore the mechanisms behind these observed disparities.