Highly efficient all-perovskite photovoltaic-powered battery with dual-function viologen for portable electronics

Photovoltaic-powered batteries offer a promising integrated solution for sustainable energy in portable electronics, yet conventional designs face challenges in integration, miniaturization, and flexibility. We address this through a dual-functional, material-sharing strategy using ethyl viologen diiodide to achieve synergistic performance enhancement in photovoltaic-powered batteries. The ethyl viologen diiodide-modified perovskite solar cells exhibit 26.11% efficiency and retain 96.2% of their original performance after 1000 h of continuous use. Batteries employing ethyl viologen diiodide-derived perovskitoid cathodes show 296.1 mAh g^-1 at 0.5 A g^-1, with a capacity retention of 89% after 10,000 cycles at 5 A g^-1. The resulting all-perovskite-based integrated devices show an overall energy conversion efficiency of 18.54%, with flexible versions achieving 17.62% efficiency and stable photo-charging/discharging cyclability over 100 cycles. These flexible devices reliably power a wearable glucose monitor in intelligent control mode for 24 h, demonstrating their potential for next-generation portable electronics applications.