Biocompatible Mesoporous Materials for Bone Therapy

As global population aging intensifies, bone-related diseases have become a significant public health challenge, necessitating the development of efficient and precise bone repair strategies. Biocompatible mesoporous materials (BMMs), characterized by their high specific surface area, tunable pore size, multidimensional functionalization potential, and excellent biocompatibility, have demonstrated revolutionary application prospects in treating bone-related diseases. This review systematically summarizes the latest research progress and application mechanisms of BMMs (e.g., mesoporous silica, mesoporous bioactive glass) in bone-related diseases. It also thoroughly discusses the synthesis methods and functionalization strategies of BMMs, including designs for biocompatibility and biodegradability, targeting capabilities, bio-responsiveness, and regulation of cellular behavior. The article emphasizes and analyzes the preclinical research applications of BMMs in bone-targeted drug delivery, bone tissue engineering, bone implant coatings, and integrated diagnosis and therapy. Finally, it provides a retrospective analysis and future perspectives on the application of BMMs in bone-related diseases, aiming to promote a transition from fragmented breakthroughs to systematic development in BMMs research. This effort seeks to provide a scientific framework for optimizing material design and advancing clinical applications.