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Related Concept Videos

Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

Drug Delivery: Overview

411
The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the...
411
Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

466
Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs...
466
Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

311
Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
311

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 8, 2025

Targeted Plasma Membrane Delivery of a Hydrophobic Cargo Encapsulated in a Liquid Crystal Nanoparticle Carrier
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Nanocarrier-Based Systems for Targeted Delivery: Current Challenges and Future Directions.

Zichen Xu1, Yongyi Xie2, Wenjie Chen2

  • 1School of Biomedical Engineering University of Technology Sydney Ultimo NSW Australia.

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|August 27, 2025
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Summary

Nanomaterials offer advanced drug and gene delivery with tunable properties for better treatment. However, achieving precise nuclear targeting remains a challenge, requiring further research for clinical translation in nanomedicine.

Keywords:
active targetingdrug and gene deliverynanocarriernuclear localization signalsnuclear targetingtargeted delivery

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Nanotechnology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Nanomaterials are advanced platforms for drug and gene delivery.
  • Nanocarriers offer improved pharmacokinetics and therapeutic performance.
  • Diverse nanocarrier systems (lipid-based, polymer-based, hybrid) are under development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Review recent advances in nanocarrier design for targeted delivery.
  • Focus on strategies for precise nuclear targeting.
  • Assess challenges and opportunities in nanomedicine translation.

Main Methods:

  • Exploration of passive targeting strategies (size, morphology, charge modulation).
  • Analysis of active targeting strategies (nuclear localization signals, ligands).
  • Comprehensive assessment of current literature on nanocarrier applications.

Main Results:

  • Nanocarriers show promise in preclinical studies for targeted delivery.
  • Significant challenges persist in achieving specific tissue, cellular, and intracellular delivery.
  • Nuclear targeting strategies are advancing through passive and active approaches.

Conclusions:

  • Targeted nanocarriers are crucial for precision nanomedicine.
  • Overcoming limitations in delivery efficiency and off-target effects is vital for clinical translation.
  • Further research is needed to fully realize the potential of nanomedicine for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.