Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 10, 2025

Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Whole Kidney, Medulla, and Cortical Tubules in Diabetic Pathogenesis of Kidney Injury in Mice
Published on: May 2, 2025
Diabetic Kidney Disease in Type 2 Diabetes: A Comprehensive Review of Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Therapeutic
A Uma1,2, Shanmugapriyan Sivaraman2, Rajesh Manoharan3
1Department of Pharmacology, Surabhi Institute of Medical Sciences, KNRUHS (Kaloji Narayana Rao University of Health Sciences), Siddipet, Telangana, India.
Abstract:
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), affecting 20%-50% of patients and leading to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). This review synthesizes literature on CKD in T2DM, focusing on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management strategies, including oral hypo-glycemic agents and emerging therapies. A systematic search across PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science prioritized studies from 2010 to 2025. Findings high-light the multifactorial pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), driven by hyperglycemia, hypertension, and oxidative stress. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), show nephroprotective effects, while biomarkers like estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR) enable early detection. Precision medicine holds promise for personalized treatment, but gaps in clinical practice and patient adherence persist, necessitating multidisciplinary approaches.
Related Concept Videos
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational
Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction
Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care
Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations

