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Polymalic Acid-based Nano Biopolymers for Targeting of Multiple Tumor Markers: An Opportunity for Personalized Medicine?
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Engineered upconversion nanoparticles for breast cancer theranostics.

Shijing Wang1,2, Lei Zhang1, Minghao Wang3

  • 1Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110000, China.

Theranostics
|August 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Engineered upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) offer advanced theranostics for breast cancer (BC) by utilizing near-infrared light for deep imaging and therapy. These nanoparticles enable integrated diagnostic and therapeutic functions for improved BC management.

Keywords:
biomarker detectionbreast cancerdeliveryimmunotherapymolecular imagingphototherapytheranosticsupconversion nanoparticles

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Breast cancer (BC) is a major global health concern, necessitating innovative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
  • Rare earth (RE)-doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) present unique photophysical properties for biomedical applications.
  • UCNPs offer advantages over conventional probes, including deep tissue penetration and reduced autofluorescence via near-infrared (NIR) light absorption.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of engineered UCNPs for breast cancer (BC) theranostics.
  • To summarize recent advancements in UCNP synthesis, functionalization, and biological evaluation for BC management.
  • To explore the diverse applications of UCNPs in BC molecular imaging, detection, therapy, and immunotherapy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of UCNP synthesis, including luminescence mechanisms and controllable methods.
  • Analysis of UCNP surface modification strategies for targeted delivery and multi-functionality.
  • Systematic evaluation of UCNP biological effects (biodistribution, metabolism, biotoxicity) and theranostic applications.

Main Results:

  • Engineered UCNPs can integrate diagnostic and therapeutic modules for comprehensive BC theranostics.
  • UCNPs facilitate deep-tissue imaging and targeted therapy by absorbing NIR light.
  • Recent studies demonstrate UCNP efficacy in BC molecular imaging, biomarker detection, phototherapy, drug/gene delivery, and immunotherapy.

Conclusions:

  • Engineered UCNPs represent a versatile platform for advanced breast cancer theranostics.
  • Further research into UCNP biological effects and clinical translation is crucial for widespread adoption.
  • UCNPs hold significant promise for improving breast cancer diagnosis, treatment, and patient outcomes.