Current knowledge about immunotherapy response after liver transplantation of patients with liver cancer

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) are the two main liver cancers responsible for cancer deaths worldwide. Multiple etiologies exist driving these diseases; however, there are limited effective treatments to date. Recent studies have demonstrated improved outcomes in patients with advanced disease treated with immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI). Further, as these patients undergo liver transplantation, it's critical to have an understanding of the impact of ICI on the immune system post-transplantation. In this review, we will provide an overview on ICI therapy in liver cancer, ICI utilization in the peri-transplantation setting, and discuss molecular predictions to immunotherapy response.