Platelet-Rich Fibrin Promotes Osteoblast Recruitment-Associated Periodontal Regeneration via Macrophage Polarization

Aims: Inflammation is a key process involved in the early stages of periodontal regeneration, where immune cells are responsible for the recruitment of osteoblast to facilitate periodontal regeneration. The aim of the present study was to explore the effect of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) on macrophage polarization, and thereafter to investigate its effect on osteoblast recruitment to enhance early-stage periodontal regeneration. Materials and Methods: The extracted liquids of PRF, produced using fixed-angled and horizontal centrifugation protocols, were utilized to stimulate Thp1 to study macrophage proliferation and polarization. Thereafter, the supernatants of Thp1 were collected and utilized to stimulate the migration of human bone marrow osteoblasts, to investigate the recruitment of osteoblast via macrophage polarization. Results: PRF stimulated the proliferation and recruitment of macrophages, with horizontal centrifugation protocols demonstrating significantly greater potential when compared to fixed-angled. Furthermore, PRF was able to enhance the recruitment of osteoblast via macrophage polarization, with horizontal platelet-rich fibrin (H-PRF) demonstrating the most significant increase. Conclusion: The present study explored a promising mechanism of the periodontal regeneration function of PRF, by inducing macrophage polarization, thereby enhancing osteoblast recruitment, with horizontal centrifugation significantly improving these findings.