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Bode Plots Construction01:24

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The Bode plot is an essential tool in control system analysis, mapping the frequency response of a system through a magnitude plot and a phase plot, both against a logarithmic frequency axis. To construct a Bode plot, consider the transfer function H(ω):
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  11. Cochlear Implantation: Electrode Impedance In Users With Triphasic Pulse Pattern

Cochlear Implantation: Electrode Impedance in Users With Triphasic Pulse Pattern

Alhassan Algazlan1,2, Fida Almuhawas1,2, Sarah Alarifi3

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia.

Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology
|August 27, 2025

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View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The triphasic pulse pattern (TPP) successfully manages facial nerve stimulation (FNS) after cochlear implantation (CI). Shifting to TPP decreased electrode impedance and increased comfortable loudness levels in patients with FNS.

Area of Science:

  • Audiology
  • Neurosurgery
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Facial nerve stimulation (FNS) is a common challenge after cochlear implantation (CI).
  • The triphasic pulse pattern (TPP) has emerged as a successful management strategy for FNS.
  • Evaluating electrode impedance (EI) changes is crucial for optimizing CI device performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate electrode impedance (EI) changes in patients switched from biphasic pulse pattern (BPP) to TPP.
  • To compare fitting parameters, including EI, MCL, THR, and phase duration, between BPP and TPP in FNS patients.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective study of 25 implanted ears experiencing FNS post-CI.
  • Comparison of fitting parameters (EI, MCL, THR, phase duration) between BPP and TPP.
Keywords:
cochlear implantfacial nerve stimulationfittingtriphasic pulse pattern

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  • Analysis of EI at electrode contacts and maximum comfortable levels (MCL).

    • Main Results:

    • Electrode impedances significantly decreased at the first two apical contacts when shifting to TPP (p<0.05).
    • Maximum comfortable levels (MCL) showed a statistically significant increase with TPP compared to BPP across the first 10 electrode contacts.
    • TPP demonstrated a reduction in apical impedance and an increase in MCL.

    Conclusions:

    • The triphasic pulse pattern (TPP) is an effective strategy for managing facial nerve stimulation (FNS) in cochlear implant patients.
    • TPP leads to reduced apical electrode impedance and increased maximum comfortable loudness levels.
    • TPP may be considered a standard and successful stimulation pattern for managing FNS in CI recipients.