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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 10, 2025

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies
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Adapting temporal preference to scarcity: A role for emotion?

Bastien Blain1,2,3, Laura K Globig1,2,4, Tali Sharot1,2,5

  • 1Affective Brain Lab, Department of Experimental Psychology, University College London, London, WC1H 0AP UK.

Journal of Risk and Uncertainty
|August 27, 2025
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Summary

Economic shocks directly influence how people value future rewards, a concept known as temporal discounting. This study found income changes, not emotions, drive this shift, suggesting direct adaptation to environmental constraints.

Keywords:
AffectDelay DiscountingEmotionIncome shockTemporal Discounting

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Economics
  • Decision Science
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Temporal discounting, valuing immediate rewards over future ones, impacts decisions in health, finance, and sustainability.
  • Factors like resource availability and emotions influence temporal discounting, but their interplay is complex.
  • Previous assumptions linked negative emotions to increased temporal discounting, especially during financial hardship.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the independent effects of income shocks and negative affect on temporal discounting.
  • To determine if people adapt their time preferences directly to environmental constraints or through emotional responses.
  • To leverage a large-scale global income shock event for empirical analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Surveyed 1,145 individuals during a market crash and rising unemployment in March 2020.
  • Retested 200 of these individuals as the market recovered in June 2020.
  • Analyzed cross-sectional and longitudinal data to assess changes in delay discounting.

Main Results:

  • Income shock significantly increased delay discounting, indicating a greater preference for immediate rewards.
  • This effect remained significant even after controlling for negative affect (emotions).
  • The relationship between income shock and increased delay discounting was consistent in both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses.

Conclusions:

  • Contrary to common assumptions, income changes directly alter delay discounting, independent of emotional responses.
  • Individuals adapt their time preferences based on environmental constraints, not solely through affective system mediation.
  • This direct adaptation may be evolutionarily advantageous, as emotions can be unreliable indicators of environmental conditions.