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Traumatic Brain Injury l: Introduction01:28

Traumatic Brain Injury l: Introduction

DefinitionTraumatic brain injury, or TBI, is a disturbance of normal brain function induced by an external mechanical force, such as a direct blow to the head or a penetrating injury. It can affect both brain structure and function, producing a wide range of clinical outcomes. TBI is a heterogeneous condition, meaning its effects may differ based on the type, location, and severity of the injury.Basis of ClassificationTBI is classified based on severity, injury mechanism, or pathophysiology. In...

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Related Experiment Video

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The Use of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy as a Tool for the Measurement of Bi-hemispheric Transcranial Electric Stimulation Effects on Primary Motor Cortex Metabolism
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Cortical Neural Plastic Changes Post-stroke Using Bicephalic Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation: A Prospective

Ashu Bhasin1, Gulafshan Iqbal1, Rahul Sharma1

  • 1Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, IND.

Cureus
|August 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a safe and feasible neurorehabilitation technique for stroke survivors. While showing some promise in improving hand function and motor cortex activity, it did not demonstrate significant efficacy compared to sham stimulation.

Keywords:
functional mri (fmri)neuronal plasticity and repairphysiotherapy managementpost-stroke recoverytranscranial direct current stimulation (tdcs)

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Rehabilitation Medicine
  • Medical Devices

Background:

  • Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is recognized for its neurorehabilitative potential in post-stroke recovery.
  • Stroke-related motor deficits, particularly in hand function, significantly impact patient quality of life.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the safety, feasibility, and potential efficacy of bicephalic tDCS in enhancing hand function among individuals with chronic stroke.
  • To compare the outcomes of real tDCS (r-tDCS) against sham tDCS (s-tDCS) when combined with physiotherapy.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective, non-randomized controlled study involving two groups: real tDCS and sham tDCS.
  • Participants received 20-minute tDCS sessions concurrently with physiotherapy for four weeks.
  • Outcome measures included the Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA), Action Research Arm Test (ARAT), modified Barthel Index (mBI), Brunnstrom stage, and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), assessed at baseline, 4 weeks, and 3 months.

Main Results:

  • Ninety-five participants were recruited with no reported side effects, indicating good safety and compliance.
  • Significant improvements were observed in FMA and mBI at three months in the real tDCS group compared to sham.
  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging revealed mild increases in premotor and primary motor cortex activation (BA 4 and BA 6) in the real tDCS group.

Conclusions:

  • Bicephalic tDCS is a safe and feasible adjunctive therapy for stroke rehabilitation.
  • While not achieving statistically significant efficacy across all measures, tDCS showed potential for improving hand function and motor cortex activation.
  • Further research with larger sample sizes and optimized protocols is warranted to fully elucidate the therapeutic potential of tDCS in stroke recovery.