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Pneumonia V: Nursing management and Prevention

Pneumonia V: Nursing management and Prevention

Nursing management of pneumonia involves promoting airway patency, facilitating rest and conserving energy, encouraging fluid intake, maintaining nutrition, and educating patients.
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Following in Real Time the Impact of Pneumococcal Virulence Factors in an Acute Mouse Pneumonia Model Using Bioluminescent Bacteria

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Pneumococcal Vaccination Rates Among Patients Hospitalized for Pneumococcal Infection at a Community Teaching

Shikha Mishra¹, Hridya Harimohan², Kelly Ayabe²

¹Internal Medicine/Infectious Disease, Kern Medical, Bakersfield, USA.

|August 27, 2025

Summary

Pneumococcal vaccination coverage remains critically low among eligible adults hospitalized with pneumococcal disease, particularly in minority and underserved populations. This highlights missed opportunities and the urgent need for improved vaccination strategies in safety-net hospitals.

Keywords:

infection pneumococcal streptococcus pneumoniae underserved populations vaccination

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Area of Science:

Public Health
Infectious Diseases
Vaccinology

Background:

Historically, minority populations and individuals with new chronic conditions exhibit lower pneumococcal vaccination (PV) coverage.
Kern Medical (KM), a safety-net hospital, observed increased hospitalizations for pneumococcal infections.
A quality improvement review was initiated to identify missed PV opportunities at KM.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate pneumococcal vaccination status in patients hospitalized for pneumococcal disease.
To identify missed opportunities for PV administration at Kern Medical.
To assess PV coverage against Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) 2025 adult immunization schedule criteria.

Main Methods:

Quality improvement review of patients hospitalized for pneumococcal disease (January 2023 - June 2024).
PV status assessed using the California Immunization Registry.
Eligibility determined by CDC 2025 adult immunization schedule; secondary endpoints included mortality and length of stay.

Main Results:

Thirty-five patients hospitalized; 92% of the 25 eligible for PV were unvaccinated or undervaccinated.
Seven of eight 14-day mortality cases occurred in unvaccinated, eligible patients.
Common eligibility criteria included age, chronic liver disease, alcoholism, and diabetes; few had recent primary care encounters.

Conclusions:

Significant gaps exist in PV coverage among adults hospitalized with pneumococcal disease at this safety-net hospital.
Low vaccination rates persist in vulnerable populations despite clear eligibility.
Collaborative efforts are essential to build trust, reduce hesitancy, and implement equitable vaccination initiatives.