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Creating an Operating Code: PHM Team Formation Practices

Elizabeth A O Hubbard1, Ellen F Goldman2

  • 1Division of Pediatric Hospital Medicine, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA.

Clinical Pediatrics
|August 27, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Effective team formation in pediatric hospital medicine (PHM) involves socialization, role clarity, and psychological safety. Dedicated time and ongoing feedback are crucial for optimizing team practices and improving patient care outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Healthcare Management
  • Pediatric Hospital Medicine
  • Team Dynamics

Background:

  • Team effectiveness is crucial in healthcare, yet team formation practices remain underexplored.
  • Pediatric hospital medicine (PHM) settings present unique challenges for team development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore and describe current team formation practices in pediatric hospital medicine.
  • To identify key themes and concepts influencing team formation in PHM.

Main Methods:

  • Qualitative study using semi-structured interviews with 10 pediatric hospital medicine attendings.
  • Basic inductive and comparative analysis of interview transcripts to identify themes.

Main Results:

  • Six key themes emerged: socialization, role clarity, goal formation, expectation setting, psychological safety, dedicated time, ongoing feedback, the attending-senior resident relationship, and environmental adaptations.
  • Practices focus on creating a safe learning environment and adapting to contextual factors.
  • Team formation is viewed as a continuous cycle rather than a one-time event.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides a detailed description of PHM team formation practices, addressing a gap in the literature.
  • Identified concepts can inform the refinement of team formation strategies to enhance team effectiveness.
  • Improving team formation is essential for optimizing patient care in pediatric hospital medicine settings.

Keywords:
group socializationorientationteam developmentteam launchwork groups

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