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An Integrated Strategy for Preventing and Rehabilitating Dust-Induced Occupational Bronchopulmonary Diseases: A
Alexandr E Gulyayev1,2, Karlygash S Absattarova1, Sayagul A Kairgeldina1
1Scientific Research Department, Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Research Institute of Balneology and Medical Rehabilitation, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan.
Background:
Occupational bronchopulmonary diseases (OBPDs)-including pneumoconiosis, silicosis, and occupational COPD-remain a pressing public health issue, especially in regions with intensive mining, metallurgy, and construction industries. Caused by chronic inhalation of fibrogenic dusts, these conditions are often diagnosed at late stages, resulting in irreversible lung damage and diminished work capacity.
Methods:
A scoping review was performed using the Arksey and O'Malley framework, with methodological refinements from the Joanna Briggs Institute. Following PRISMA-ScR guidelines, we searched PubMed, Scopus, and gray literature for publications from 2014 to 2024. After screening 1761 records and full-text review, nine studies were included in the final synthesis, comprising two systematic reviews, two narrative literature reviews, and five observational studies.
Results:
Key risk factors identified included prolonged exposure to silica and coal dust, tobacco use, and genetic susceptibility. Diagnostic delays were attributed to the underuse of high-resolution CT and exhaled nitric oxide analysis. Several studies highlighted the diagnostic value of oxidative stress and inflammatory markers (e.g., IL-6, TNF-α). Nutritional rehabilitation and polyphenol-enriched herbal therapies were associated with improved respiratory function and quality of life. However, these strategies remain underutilized, particularly in low-resource settings.
Conclusions:
A coordinated, biomarker-driven approach integrating early diagnosis, dust exposure control, and tailored rehabilitation is urgently needed. Multidisciplinary models may reduce the clinical and socioeconomic burden of OBPDs.
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