Roles and Prospective Applications of Ferroptosis Suppressor Protein 1 (FSP1) in Malignant Tumor Treatment

Area of Science:

• Biochemistry
• Molecular Biology
• Oncology

Background:

• Ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1) regulates ferroptosis, a critical cell death pathway with therapeutic implications for cancer.
• Existing research on FSP1 is dispersed, necessitating a consolidated overview of its functions and regulation in diverse cancer types.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review and integrate current knowledge on FSP1's molecular structure, biological functions, and regulatory mechanisms.
• To emphasize FSP1's involvement in tumor progression, therapy resistance, and its pathological significance across multiple cancer types.
• To evaluate emerging therapeutic strategies targeting FSP1 for improved cancer treatment outcomes.

Main Methods:

• Systematic literature search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases.
• Focus on recent and impactful studies to provide a comprehensive overview.
• Integration of evidence on FSP1's structure, function, regulation, and clinical relevance.

Main Results:

• FSP1 plays a significant role in regulating ferroptosis, impacting tumor progression and therapeutic resistance.
• FSP1's pathological significance is demonstrated across various cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma, colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, gastric cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, and leukemia.
• Evidence highlights FSP1's structural characteristics, enzymatic activities, and complex transcriptional/post-transcriptional regulation.

Conclusions:

• FSP1 is a crucial target for understanding and potentially overcoming cancer therapy resistance.
• A comprehensive understanding of FSP1 is essential for developing novel FSP1-targeted cancer therapies.
• This review provides a foundation for future research into FSP1's therapeutic potential in oncology.