Recent Advances in Aggregation-Induced Electrochemiluminescent Biosensors

Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) biosensors based on aggregation-induced emission (AIE) emitters have recently emerged as highly sensitive tools for biosensing. The AIE phenomenon, characterized by a significant luminescence change upon aggregation due to restricted intramolecular rotation or vibration, effectively enhances ECL intensity and efficiency, endowing AIECL emitters with high selectivity and stability. This review provides an overview of the developmental trajectory of AIECL, systematically elaborates and comparatively analyzes the mechanisms and luminophore systems of conventional ECL and AIECL, discusses the design strategies and construction methods of AIECL luminophores, and comprehensively summarizes the innovative applications of AIECL in the realm of biosensors. Finally, some of the current challenges in this emerging field are outlined, along with perspectives on future trends.