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Microbial biosensors are analytical devices that utilize living microbes to detect specific substances through measurable signals. These devices consist of two main components: biosensing organisms and signal-transducing elements. Biosensing organisms, such as Escherichia coli or Saccharomyces cerevisiae, are typically housed in multiwell plates connected to transducers, enabling rapid, real-time detection of target analytes.Signal Generation MechanismWhen a target analyte—such as...
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Hollow Microneedle-based Sensor for Multiplexed Transdermal Electrochemical Sensing
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Development and Characterisation of a Microneedle Sensor for Intrapartum Fetal Monitoring.

J M Mitchell1,2, C V Thatte2, R Sebastian2,3

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University College Cork, T12YE02 Cork, Ireland.

Biosensors
|August 27, 2025
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Summary

This study developed a novel microneedle pH sensor for continuous fetal monitoring during labor. The sensor demonstrated high sensitivity and minimal tissue disruption, paving the way for objective intrapartum assessment.

Keywords:
electrochemistryinterstitial fluidintrapartum monitoringlabourmicroneedlepHsensor

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Medical Devices
  • Sensor Technology

Background:

  • Continuous fetal monitoring during labor is crucial for assessing fetal well-being.
  • Current methods for intrapartum fetal assessment have limitations in specificity and objectivity.
  • Minimally invasive technologies are needed for real-time fetal physiological parameter monitoring.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a novel microneedle-based pH sensor for continuous intrapartum fetal monitoring.
  • To assess the sensor's feasibility for measuring fetal pH during labor with high sensitivity and minimal tissue disruption.
  • To create a proof-of-principle device meeting clinical requirements for fetal scalp placement.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of platinum microneedles coated with iridium oxide.
  • In vitro testing of sensor sensitivity in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and artificial interstitial fluid (ISF).
  • Ex vivo evaluation of microneedle penetration and tissue compatibility on human skin using methylene blue staining.

Main Results:

  • The microneedle pH sensor demonstrated linear responses to pH changes of 0.05 units within the 6.5-7.45 range.
  • High sensitivity was achieved with slopes of -60.49 mV/pH (R² = 0.946) in PBS and -25.5 mV/pH (R² = 0.979) in ISF.
  • Ex vivo testing confirmed successful microneedle penetration without significant tissue damage or material transfer.

Conclusions:

  • The developed microneedle pH sensor shows promise for continuous, minimally invasive fetal pH monitoring during labor.
  • This technology offers a potential advancement for more objective and specific intrapartum fetal assessment.
  • Further development could lead to improved clinical management of labor and delivery.