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Round Window Niche and Membrane Dimensions: A Systematic Review.
Mathieu Marx1,2, Pauline Nieto1,2, Olivier Sagot1
1Service d'Otologie, Otoneurologie et ORL Pédiatrique, Hôpital Pierre-Paul Riquet, CHU Toulouse Purpan, 31000 Toulouse, France.
Audiology Research
|August 27, 2025
Summary
The round window region
Area of Science:
- Otolaryngology
- Anatomy
- Medical Imaging
Background:
- The round window (RW) is crucial for hearing.
- Understanding its dimensions is vital for auditory implant development.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review the anatomical dimensions of the round window region.
- To provide data for the design of future round window membrane devices.
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive literature search of Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar.
- Inclusion of 16 anatomical and radiological studies reporting RW dimensions.
- Data extraction on RW niche, membrane, and surrounding bony structures.
Main Results:
- Significant variability in RW membrane surface area (0.32–2.89 mm²) and minimum dimensions (0.51–2.1 mm).
- Bony overhangs (pillars, tegmen) contribute to dimensional variability.
- Minimum diameter without overhangs ranged from 1.65–1.97 mm.
Conclusions:
- Round window region dimensions are highly variable due to intrinsic factors and measurement heterogeneity.
- Future round window membrane devices should be ≤1 mm to accommodate most anatomies.
- Consideration of bony structures is essential for accurate device sizing.
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