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Round Window Niche and Membrane Dimensions: A Systematic Review.

Mathieu Marx1,2, Pauline Nieto1,2, Olivier Sagot1

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The round window region

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Anatomy
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • The round window (RW) is crucial for hearing.
  • Understanding its dimensions is vital for auditory implant development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the anatomical dimensions of the round window region.
  • To provide data for the design of future round window membrane devices.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search of Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar.
  • Inclusion of 16 anatomical and radiological studies reporting RW dimensions.
  • Data extraction on RW niche, membrane, and surrounding bony structures.

Main Results:

  • Significant variability in RW membrane surface area (0.32–2.89 mm²) and minimum dimensions (0.51–2.1 mm).
  • Bony overhangs (pillars, tegmen) contribute to dimensional variability.
  • Minimum diameter without overhangs ranged from 1.65–1.97 mm.

Conclusions:

  • Round window region dimensions are highly variable due to intrinsic factors and measurement heterogeneity.
  • Future round window membrane devices should be ≤1 mm to accommodate most anatomies.
  • Consideration of bony structures is essential for accurate device sizing.