The Physiopathological Link Between Bisphenol A Exposure and Molar Incisor Hypomineralization Occurrence: A...

Objective: This study aimed to assess, through a systematic review, the potential link between bisphenol A (BPA) exposure and molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH). Methods: A systematic review was performed according to the PRISMA grid. All international studies-in vitro, in vivo, or clinical-evaluating the relationships between bisphenol A and MIH were included. An iterative search of eligible publications was conducted on May 26, 2025, using three different databases: PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. Results: Eleven studies were included in the review, ten of which were experimental studies. They were published between 2013 and 2024. Among the selected articles, a rat model was used in eight studies and seven established a link between MIH and BPA (63.64% of the articles). In the included studies, the incisors of rats treated with BPA presented asymmetrical white spots at the enamel level, with a phenotype similar to human MIH. The authors highlight the hypothesis of the implication of steroid receptors expressed by ameloblasts, in particular at the stage of maturation, thus impacting enamel quality. Conclusions: The results presented in this review highlight a trend in the interaction of bisphenol A with steroid receptors, thus affecting enamel quality. However, these associations are weak, and future studies should investigate cofactors modulating BPA's role in the development of MIH.