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Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
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DefinitionDiabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes affecting the retinal blood vessels.Risk FactorsDiabetic retinopathy is present in almost all individuals with type 1 diabetes and more than 60% of those with type 2 diabetes after two decades of disease.The risk increases with poor glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, pregnancy, and puberty.Although cataracts and glaucoma are also more frequent in people with diabetes, retinopathy remains the leading...
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Ophthalmic Complications After Dental Procedures: Scoping Review.

Xingao C Wang1, Cindy Zhao2, Kevin Y Wu3,4

  • 1Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 2M1, Canada.

Diseases (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Dental procedures can cause various eye complications, including vision loss and orbital emphysema. Prompt recognition and management are key, as most cases are reversible but some can be vision-threatening.

Keywords:
anesthesia-induced complicationscomplicationsdentistrymultidisciplinary managementophthalmology

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Dentistry
  • Anatomy

Background:

  • Ocular complications from dental procedures are diverse and underreported.
  • Mechanisms linking dental work to eye issues are poorly understood by many medical professionals.
  • Limited interdisciplinary education contributes to knowledge gaps.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review anatomical connections between oral and ocular regions.
  • To explore mechanisms of dental procedure-induced ophthalmic complications.
  • To detail clinical presentations, progression, and management strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Scoping review of published case reports and series (1950-October 2024).
  • Included human patients experiencing ophthalmic complications post-dental procedures.

Main Results:

  • Complications include neuro-ophthalmic, vascular, infectious, mechanical, and air-related issues.
  • Examples: diplopia, vision loss, retrobulbar hemorrhage, orbital cellulitis, orbital emphysema.
  • Most complications are reversible, but some pose vision threats.

Conclusions:

  • Prompt recognition and management are vital for preventing permanent sequelae.
  • Prevention strategies include precise dental techniques and anatomical awareness.
  • Multidisciplinary collaboration is crucial for optimal patient outcomes.