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Updated: Sep 10, 2025
Author Spotlight: Advancements in Multiplex Detection of Respiratory Viruses
Published on: November 10, 2023
Investigating the Relationships Between COVID-19 Cases, Public Health Interventions, Vaccine Coverage, and Mean
Melinaz Barati Chermahini1, Vernon Hoeppner2
1Public Health Sciences Department, Queen's University, 62 Fifth Field Company Lane, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
Abstract:
Background/Objectives: We aimed to examine the relationship between COVID-19 cases and Public Health Interventions (PHIs), vaccine coverage, and temperature. We compared our findings with those of other studies that used different methodologies, such as mathematical models. Methods: We developed monthly PHI scores using the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker from May 2020 to May 2021. We calculated PHI scores by summing the highest monthly score of each intervention and expressed the PHI score as a percentage of the maximum. We obtained vaccine coverage and temperature data from January 2021 to September 2023. We calculated Spearman's rank-order correlation coefficients to examine correlations. Results: The correlation between cases and PHI was positive (ρ = 0.947, p < 0.0001). The correlation between cases and vaccine coverage was approximately zero (ρ = 0.0165, p = 0.957) from January 2021 to January 2022 and was negative from February 2022 to September 2023 (ρ= -0.816, p < 0.0001). The correlation for cases and temperature was negative from January 2021 to January 2022 (ρ = -0.676, p = 0.0112) and was almost zero from February 2022 to September 2023 (ρ = -0.162, p = 0.494). The models showed a negative correlation between PHI and vaccine coverage, and mixed results for temperature. Conclusions: There was a positive correlation between cases and PHI. Prior to reaching the vaccine threshold coverage, there was no correlation for vaccination and a negative correlation for temperature. Post-vaccine threshold, there was a negative correlation for vaccination and no correlation for temperature. Correlation results for PHI and temperature differed from those of the mathematical models.
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