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Drug Therapy01:28

Drug Therapy

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The advent of drug therapy has profoundly shaped modern mental health care, providing targeted treatments for a range of psychological disorders. Psychotherapeutic drugs, classified into antianxiety, antidepressant, and antipsychotic medications, address symptoms across anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and schizophrenia. While these medications have transformed patient outcomes, they require careful management due to their potential side effects and limitations.
Antianxiety Medications
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Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy01:26

Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy

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Antipsychotic drugs are a crucial treatment method for acute and chronic psychoses, bipolar illness, and behavioral disorders. The selection of these drugs depends on several factors, including the state of the disease, clinical judgment, possible drug interactions, and the patient's sensitivity to adverse effects. In immediate scenarios, such as delirium and dementia, short-term treatment with low doses of high-potency typical or atypical agents can effectively manage symptom exacerbation.
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Antipsychotic Drugs: Typical and Atypical Agents01:21

Antipsychotic Drugs: Typical and Atypical Agents

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Antipsychotic drugs are classified into first-generation (typical) drugs including phenothiazines; and second-generation (atypical) drugs. Chlorpromazine hydrochloride (Thorazine), a phenothiazine derivative, broadly impacts the central, autonomic, and endocrine systems. This drug, along with typical agents like haloperidol (Haldol), primarily works by antagonizing D2 receptors, thus reducing dopaminergic neurotransmission. However, typical antipsychotics can cause side effects such as sedation...
314
Antidepressant Drugs: MAOIs and Other Agents01:23

Antidepressant Drugs: MAOIs and Other Agents

344
Atypical antidepressants, including bupropion (Wellbutrin), mirtazapine (Remeron), nefazodone (Serzone), trazodone (Desyrel), and vilazodone (Viibryd), offer unique mechanisms of action. Bupropion weakly inhibits dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake, aiding depression treatment and smoking cessation, with a low risk of sexual dysfunction. Mirtazapine enhances serotonin and norepinephrine neurotransmission, leading to sedation, increased appetite, and weight gain. As a result, it helps treat...
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Psychosis and Antipsychotic Drugs: Overview01:28

Psychosis and Antipsychotic Drugs: Overview

454
The term "psychosis" refers to a spectrum of mental disorders characterized by abnormal thoughts, perceptions, and behaviors. It can manifest as mood disorders, dementia, delirium with psychotic features, substance-induced psychosis with psychotic features, brief psychotic disorder, delusional disorder, schizoaffective disorder, and schizophrenia. Among all these disorders, schizophrenia is the most common psychotic disorder, affecting 1% of the worldwide population. Psychotic...
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Antipsychotic Drugs: Therapeutic Uses and Side Effects01:21

Antipsychotic Drugs: Therapeutic Uses and Side Effects

380
Antipsychotic drugs primarily block dopamine and serotonin receptors and cholinergic, adrenergic, and histaminergic receptors, thereby reducing hallucinations and delusions in conditions like schizophrenia. However, they can trigger unwanted extrapyramidal effects such as dystonias, Parkinson-like symptoms, and tardive dyskinesia.
Despite these side effects, antipsychotics are used therapeutically for various purposes, including managing schizophrenia, preventing nausea and vomiting, curbing...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 10, 2025

Self-Administration of Drugs in Mouse Models of Feeding and Obesity
03:37

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Considerations for Augmenting Aripiprazole Long-Acting Injectables with Other Antipsychotics: A Mini-Review.

Jonathan Shaw1, Ethan Kim2, Emily Ton1

  • 1School of Medicine, California University of Science and Medicine, Colton, CA 92324, USA.

Diseases (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Aripiprazole long-acting injectable is useful for medication compliance in psychosis. However, combining it with other antipsychotics shows limited evidence and contradictory findings, necessitating further research.

Keywords:
antipsychoticsaripiprazolelong acting injectablepsychopharmacologyschizophrenia

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Area of Science:

  • Psychopharmacology
  • Neuroscience
  • Clinical Psychiatry

Background:

  • Aripiprazole, a third-generation antipsychotic, offers partial Dopamine D2 receptor agonism and fewer metabolic/extrapyramidal side effects.
  • Its long-acting injectable formulation enhances medication compliance, crucial for preventing psychotic episode recurrence.
  • Aripiprazole long-acting injectable is often used in acute settings to manage refractory symptoms, sometimes combined with other antipsychotics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review existing literature on aripiprazole's psychopharmacology, efficacy, and adverse effects when combined with other antipsychotics.
  • To compare aripiprazole's dopamine D2 receptor affinity with other antipsychotics.
  • To explore the potential for augmenting aripiprazole with other agents based on receptor binding and pathway theories.

Main Methods:

  • Narrative review of existing peer-reviewed literature.
  • Analysis of Ki values for dopamine D2 receptor binding affinity.
  • Exploration of theoretical augmentation strategies based on known receptor interactions.

Main Results:

  • First-generation antipsychotics like fluphenazine and perphenazine exhibit stronger dopamine D2 receptor binding than aripiprazole.
  • Limited literature exists on the efficacy and safety of combining aripiprazole with first-generation antipsychotics.
  • Potential augmentation with clozapine or xanomeline-trospium is suggested by aripiprazole's muscarinic effects, but supporting literature is scarce.

Conclusions:

  • There is a significant knowledge gap regarding antipsychotic polypharmacy involving aripiprazole long-acting injectable.
  • Existing literature on combining aripiprazole with other antipsychotics is contradictory, hindering definitive clinical practice guidelines.
  • Dopamine and muscarinic pathway theories provide a basis for future research into novel augmentation strategies for psychosis treatment.