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Development of a Mouse Model of Coccidioidomycosis Using an Inhalation Exposure System.

Jonathan Rodrigo Erlich¹, Priscila Rodriguez¹, Ka Pui Sharon Yau¹

¹Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.

Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland)

|August 27, 2025

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Researchers explored aerosol infection methods for Coccidioides, the fungus causing Valley Fever. While aerosolization showed inconsistent results in mice, it highlighted challenges and biosafety needs for inhalation exposure systems.

Area of Science:

Mycology
Infectious Diseases
Pathogen Research

Background:

* Coccidioides species are thermally dimorphic fungi responsible for coccidioidomycosis (Valley Fever).
* Current mouse infection models primarily use intranasal, intravenous, or intraperitoneal inoculation.
* An aerosol route is crucial for simulating natural infection but presents technical challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

* To compare the efficacy of intranasal inoculation versus aerosolization for Coccidioides infection in mice.
* To evaluate the use of the Glass-Col Inhalation Exposure System (IES) for aerosolizing Coccidioides arthroconidia.
* To identify challenges and biosafety considerations associated with aerosolizing this fungal pathogen.

Main Methods:

* Comparison of intranasal inoculation with aerosolization via the Glass-Col IES.

Keywords:

Coccidioides aerosol exposure coccidioidomycosis fungal inhalation intranasal

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* Use of Coccidioides arthroconidia nebulized in Phosphate-Buffered Saline (PBS) or water.

* Detection of arthroconidia within the IES post-nebulization and decontamination.

Main Results:

* Aerosol infection using the IES with arthroconidia in PBS inconsistently infected mice.
* Water as a nebulizing agent did not result in infection.
* Arthroconidia were detected within the IES after the experimental procedures.

Conclusions:

* Aerosolization of Coccidioides arthroconidia presents significant challenges for consistent infection in mouse models.
* The choice of nebulizing medium (PBS vs. water) impacts infection efficacy.
* These findings underscore the importance of biosafety protocols when using inhalation exposure systems for fungal pathogens.