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Biomass-Derived Carbon Dots: Preparation, Properties, and Applications.

Qinfeng Liu¹, Huan Chen¹, Ruiyu Mi¹

¹Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Geological Carbon Storage and Low Carbon Utilization of Resources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China.

Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)

|August 27, 2025

Summary

Biomass-derived carbon dots (B-CDs) are sustainable nanomaterials with unique optical properties. This review details their synthesis, mechanisms, and applications in sensing, bioimaging, and optronics, addressing challenges for commercialization.

Keywords:

applications biomass-derived carbon dots properties synthesis

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Nanotechnology
Green Chemistry

Background:

Growing global energy crisis fuels demand for green, low-carbon materials.
Biomass-derived carbon dots (B-CDs) are emerging sustainable nanomaterials with eco-friendly, low-toxicity profiles.
B-CDs exhibit unique optical properties and significant potential across various applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically review synthesis methods, precursor structures, and formation mechanisms of B-CDs.
To summarize luminescent properties and applications, focusing on sensing, anti-counterfeiting, bioimaging, and optronics.
To identify challenges in controllable preparation and large-scale production for B-CDs.

Main Methods:

Literature review of synthesis techniques for B-CDs.
Analysis of structural design and photo-functionalization strategies.
Compilation of recent advancements in B-CD applications.

Main Results:

B-CDs show promise in sensing, anti-counterfeiting, bioimaging, and optronics.
Understanding of B-CD formation mechanisms and luminescent properties is advancing.
Key challenges in controlled synthesis and scalability are highlighted.

Conclusions:

This review provides a foundation for B-CD research and development.
Further work is needed for performance-oriented preparation and industrial implementation.
B-CDs are poised for broader multidisciplinary applications and commercialization.