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Related Concept Videos

Additional Routes of Drug Administration01:18

Additional Routes of Drug Administration

Choosing the appropriate route of drug administration is significantly influenced by two key factors: the therapeutic objectives and the inherent properties of the drug being used.
Administering drugs via inhalation allows for the direct delivery of gaseous, volatile substances or droplets to different parts of the respiratory tract. One of the advantages of the inhalation route is the rapid absorption of drugs into the circulatory system, which is possible because of the large surface area of...
Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs through the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 30, 2026

Assessment of the Cytotoxic and Immunomodulatory Effects of Substances in Human Precision-cut Lung Slices
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Development of Preliminary Candidate Surface Guidelines for Air Force-Relevant Dermal Sensitizers Using New Approach

Andrew J Keebaugh1,2, Megan L Steele1,2, Argel Islas-Robles3

  • 1AV, Inc., Dayton, OH 45432, USA.

Toxics
|August 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary

New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) effectively predict allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) risks for Air Force workers. This study establishes preliminary candidate surface guidelines (PCSGs) to minimize occupational skin exposure to sensitizing chemicals.

Keywords:
allergic contact dermatitisin silico modelingnew approach methodologiesoccupational exposurerisk assessmentskin sensitizationsurface guidelines

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Area of Science:

  • Occupational toxicology
  • Dermal immunology
  • Chemical risk assessment

Background:

  • Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) poses a significant risk to aircraft structural maintenance workers.
  • Elevated ACD rates in Air Force personnel necessitate improved hazard characterization.
  • Existing testing methods may not adequately assess occupational dermal exposure risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Evaluate the utility of New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) for assessing skin sensitization potential.
  • Characterize the sensitization hazard of Air Force-relevant chemicals.
  • Develop Preliminary Candidate Surface Guidelines (PCSGs) to mitigate occupational ACD risk.

Main Methods:

  • Integrated approach using in silico models and experimental assays (NAMs) for 19 chemicals.
  • Prediction of Local Lymph Node Assay effective concentration values from NAM data.
  • Calculation of PCSGs based on predicted sensitization thresholds.

Main Results:

  • NAMs successfully predicted sensitization hazards for 19 Air Force-relevant chemicals.
  • Quantitative models derived effective concentration values from NAM assay data.
  • PCSGs were calculated, providing benchmarks for surface chemical concentrations.

Conclusions:

  • NAMs offer a viable alternative for evaluating skin sensitization potential in occupational settings.
  • PCSGs can inform workplace safety measures to prevent ACD induction in Airmen.
  • This case study demonstrates the practical application of NAMs in occupational health risk management.