[Spatial health data and scientific standards for their analysis]

Spatial analyses of health-related data require a sound knowledge of spatial data and specific methods. The selection and appropriate use of suitable data and methodological procedures depends on the content and methodological questions as well as the objectives of the underlying scientific study. General and specific scientific standards known as "best practices" help with the concrete planning, preparation, implementation, data analysis, and interpretation of results of scientific studies. This article first defines and characterizes spatial data and highlights typical questions and methodological challenges. An overview of best practices in this area is provided. Good epidemiological practice, good cartographic practice in healthcare, and good accessibility analysis practices, which are presented in this article, are suitable for spatial analyses. They offer scientists a helpful framework for orientation, from which, however, justified deviations are possible.